Angiomyofibroblastoma of the mediastinum

INTRODUCTION Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMFB) is an extremely rare disease. It commonly occurs in middle-aged females and mainly involves the vulvovaginal region. Pathological examination plays an important role in differentiating from other tumors. But far less published literature focus on the imaging characteristics of AMFB. CLINICAL FINDINGS/DIAGNOSES We reported a case of AMFB in a 73-year-old male, involving the mediastinum with computed tomography (CT) imaging and pathologic findings. Preoperative unenhanced CT scan of chest revealed a 6.9 × 7.4 × 9.3 cm mass with equal density, located in the posterior mediastinum. On contrast-enhanced CT images, the tumor presented moderate, heterogeneous enhancement. Due to the unclear interface between the tumor and adjacent tissues, this patient underwent operative partial resection of the tumor. The pathologic diagnosis was AMFB. CONCLUSIONS This tumor represents a further example of unusual location different from conventional AMFB. This case adds to the experience with AMFB by summarizing its characteristics, and also reviewing the literature.